OK-ACTS represents a partnership for
leadership and technology development which seeks to improve student achievement
by connecting, supporting and educating Oklahoma head principals and
superintendents.
The OK-ACTS model is woven with four major strands:
1. IDEALS
Systemic Change and Leadership Development Framework
Inquiry
Discourse
Equity
Authentic Achievement
Leadership
Service
2. High Student Achievement Research
Authentic Learning and Systemic Change: Rather than teaching in a didactic
manner that focuses primarily on the memorization of factual information,
utilizing innovative technology helps teachers develop and share authentic
learning experiences that:
- Make learning more interesting
and engaging for students (and teachers).
- Provide new approaches to
learning complex concepts.
- Help students apply knowledge to
identify, analyze, and help solve problems in their local and immediate
communities.
Researchers have found that when teachers
teach authentically, their students consistently outperform those that are
taught in more conventional ways (Newmann & Associates, 1996). That is, when
teaching focuses on the development of understanding and meaning and on
connecting lessons to students' interest and experiences, rather than on
memorization, students do better both on assessments of advanced skills as well
as on standardized tests. These findings suggest that students who think
carefully about subjects, study them in-depth, and connect them to their
personal experiences also are more likely to remember the facts and definitions
called for on standardized tests (O'Hair, McLaughlin, & Reitzug, 2000).
We know from research and experience that schools can exist that are more
personal, collaborative, and participatory. They are characterized by a respect
for teacher and student knowledge, a collective sense of responsibility for
student and teacher learning, and shared leadership. Frequently there is a set
of shared values and principles that guide curriculum, instruction, and the
daily operation of the school. School and classroom decisions are based on
critical study and inquiry rather than on self-interest (Glickman, 1993).
Finally, these schools are typically concerned with connecting curriculum to the
world beyond the school (Newmann & Associates, 1996; Glickman, 1993; Meier,
1995; Wood, 1992) and in exploring and addressing social conditions (Apple &
Beane, 1995). Such schools appear to be grounded much more in conceptions of
community (Furman, 1994; Sergiovanni, 1994) and democracy (Dewey, 1916; Goodman,
1992) than in bureaucracy. By their very nature, these schools help facilitate
and accelerate technology literacy and integration by connecting the curriculum
to the world beyond school and by making learning more meaningful for students.
After studying over 1,500 schools, researchers found that not only were
students' achievements in the first two years significantly higher in
professional learning communities [as described above] but those gains also were
distributed more equitably. That is, the achievement gap between students of
lower socioeconomic status (SES) and students of higher SES was narrower in
professional learning communities (Lee & Smith, 1994). Although research
supports the efficacy of these schools (Newmann & Associates, 1996; Louis &
Kruse, 1995), such schools remain the exception rather than the rule. In order
to move schools from where they are to where they need to be in order for
innovative uses of technology are likely to be realized, school leaders must be
trained in systemic whole school change processes.
Teacher survey data indicate that in 1998, most students were exposed to a broad
range of computer applications at some point during the school year, but that
such exposure was generally not linked to curricula in core academic classes --
especially in schools serving predominately low-income students. Instead for the
most part, students used computers primarily in non-academic courses (Rapert,
2000). As noted by a U.S. Department of Education official at a recent
conference, technology has swept the nation in almost every sector except
education (Smith, 1999). This lack of technology in academic core courses and
throughout education is linked closely to organizational culture, norms, and
structures in education.
3. Leadership Skills
OK-ACTS uses the work of Michael Fullan’s “Leading in A Culture of Change” as a
foundation for leadership skills needed to encourage systemic change and
integrate technology. Fullan stresses five core capacities in order to
effectively lead in a climate of change.
Pervasive leadership has a greater likelihood of occurring if leaders work on
mastering the five core capacities: moral purpose, understanding the change
process, building relationships, knowledge building, and coherence making.
Achieving such mastery is less a matter of taking leadership training and more a
case of slow knowing and learning in context with others at all levels of the
organization.”
-- (From “Leading in a Culture of Change” by Michael Fullan, 2001, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., p. 137)
4. Technology
OK-ACTS bases its technology implementation training on the six core components
of the Technology Standards for School Administrators (TSSA). These include:
Leadership & Vision
Teaching & Learning
Productivity and Professional Practices
Support, Maintenance & Operations
Assessment and Evaluation
Social, Legal and Ethical Issues